Kelly is a CRW member and a practicing Dermatologist

By Kelly O'Connor

Sun Protection

There’s nothing like New England biking in the summertime. July and August bring warmth and sunshine, but also a high amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)! Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun induces DNA damage in skin cells that can eventually develop into cancer. The UV index tracks the hourly risk of UVR exposure by accounting for the amount of UVR passing through the ozone layer, forecasted cloud coverage, and altitude. It does not account for UVR that reflects off surfaces such as metal, snow, water, and pavement, which can add a lot of exposure on a road bike.

Sunscreen

The best way to protect sun-exposed skin is to wear sunscreen and there are three major headings you should look at on sunscreen labels. 1. Sun protective factor (SPF). SPF is the amount of UVR required to produce a sunburn on protected skin (with sunscreen) relative to the amount required on unprotected skin. A good rule of thumb is to use at least SPF 30, which protects against 97% of UV radiation and has been shown to decrease the rate of skin cancers. However, a well-designed study demonstrated that the “actual use” of SPF 100 prevented many fewer sunburns than SPF 50,1 so using a higher SPF is likely to be beneficial. 2. Active ingredients. There are two major types: physical and chemical blockers. Physical blockers, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are metal particles that sit on top of the skin and reflect the sun's rays. Chemical blockers, such as oxybenzone and octisalate, are absorbed by the top layer of the skin and absorb UVR. Physical blockers are broader in UV spectrum coverage, immediately effective, safer for the environment, and better for people with sensitive skin. Many older physical sunscreens left a white cast on the skin, but newer formulations rub on much more clearly. 3. Water resistance. If a sunscreen has been tested for water resistance, it is effective for either 40 or 80 minutes during swimming or sweating. So whether you are climbing up hills on the Mighty Squirrel ride or pulling your group up Nantasket beach, reach for a sunscreen with 80 minutes of water resistance.

Kind in mind there are many different formulations of sunscreen: lotion, sprays, sticks, balms, powder. While a lotion makes a nice initial coat before your ride, a stick that fits into your back pocket makes reapplication less messy. Try out different ones and figure out which ones work best for you. At the end of the day, the best sunscreen is one that you will actually put on.

Don't want to douse yourself in sunscreen every time you ride? Try sun protective clothing like long sleeve riding shirts, gloves, skull caps, ear covers, and long socks. You don’t need to spend a fortune on specific SPF 50+ approved clothing- stretch out your clothing and hold it up to the sun. If light does not pass through it (and you don’t squint), then the fabric weave is tight enough to provide protection.

Adjuncts to Sunscreen

1. Topical vitamin C and E serums. These have been shown to increase resistance to UVR and decrease the amount of DNA damage to skin cells.2 I recommend applying a vitamin C and E serum in the morning, 10-15 minutes before sunscreen. 2. Oral Polypodium leucotomos. This is extracted from a tropical fern and made into a capsule. Studies have shown that people who took two 240 mg capsules daily had less sunsburns compared to those taking a placebo, 3 and that there were fewer mutations on a molecular level.4 Vitamin D Sunlight converts a precursor of vitamin D in the skin into a more active form, which regulates calcium levels (keeping bones strong). Despite this fact, everyday sunscreen use has not been found to lead to vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, the most efficient way to get vitamin D is through the diet. Fatty fish, fish liver oils, and fortified foods (milk, cereal, mushrooms) are among the best sources. If you are concerned that you are not consuming enough vitamin D in your diet, I recommend taking 2000 IU of vitamin D daily. Ride safe and protect yourself from the sun!

Kelly O’Connor, MD, FAAD Medical, Surgical, and Cosmetic Dermatologist South Shore Skin Center in Norwell, MA

References:

1. Williams JD, Maitra P, Atillasoy E, Wu MM, Farberg AS, Rigel DS. SPF 100+ sunscreen is more protective against sunburn than SPF 50+ in actual use: Results of a randomized, double-blind, split-face, natural sunlight exposure clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 May;78(5):902-910.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.062. Epub 2017 Dec 29. PMID: 29291958.

2. Murray JC, Burch JA, Streilein RD, Iannacchione MA, Hall RP, Pinnell SR. A topical antioxidant solution containing vitamins C and E stabilized by ferulic acid provides protection for human skin against damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 Sep;59(3):418-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.05.004. Epub 2008 Jul 7. PMID: 18603326.

3. Nestor MS, Berman B, Swenson N. Safety and Efficacy of Oral Polypodium leucotomos Extract in Healthy Adult Subjects. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015 Feb;8(2):19-23. PMID: 25741399; PMCID: PMC4345929.

4. Mohammad TF, Kohli I, Nicholson CL, Treyger G, Chaowattanapanit S, Nahhas AF, Braunberger TL, Lim HW, Hamzavi IH. Oral Polypodium Leucotomos Extract and Its Impact on Visible Light-Induced Pigmentation in Human Subjects. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019 Dec 1;18(12):1198-1203. PMID: 31859468.

By John Allen

What if you encounter someone whose bicycle is a crash waiting to happen? 

So, recently I was riding through an apartment complex on my way to the gym. I was half a block from the new rail trail in Waltham. It isn’t officially open yet, though people are already using it. 

I encountered a girl about 8 years old, headed home from the rail trail, riding alone. She had a very nice bike for an Internet purchase: in her size, and made for comfortable travel, rather than for acrobatics. The bike had derailleur gears, aluminum rims, and direct-pull hand-lever-operated  brakes. A kid could grow as a cyclist on this bike, with guidance. 

The girl was having trouble mounting and dismounting. We started a conversation and I coached her on that. I handed her my business card. She could show it to her mother, and maybe I could help her mother teach her? But then I noticed: neither of the brakes was working. The cables were not installed properly.

The most common kind of serious bicycle crash for young children is to ride out into the street and get hit by a car. It could be due to not noticing an approaching vehicle –  or to brakes that don’t work. 

I asked the girl for permission, got out my tool kit  and went to work on her brakes.  The cables were in a tangle, it took some time,  but I got the brakes working properly. 

I asked, “who assembled the bike?”

“My Mom.”

“There’s nothing wrong with your Mom, but that is a job for a bicycle mechanic.”

I showed the girl about not using the front brake too much. 

We parted. I rode home without going to the gym.

What lesson does this encounter hold? 

On paths and in parks especially, you’ll see many people – children and adults – riding bicycles with serious safety issues. It may distress you, as it does me.  

How to deal with this? 

Might a Karen, there’s a word for it, have called the police on me as a predator? When I described my encounter to my wife, she reminded me that two adults always had to be present in a Sunday School class in our church, in case of such complaints. Point taken, I hadn’t thought of that, but then we were out in the open with people going by. That assuaged my wife’s concerns.

I am not going to let myself be consumed with fear about a favor I do anyone in good faith, in plain view of passersby. But I wish now that I had not been in such a hurry to get home. If I had walked home with the girl, I could probably have spoken with her mother face to face, gone on to offer more coaching, become a family friend….

People’s attitudes about accepting help differ. I have helped a couple times on CRW rides to straighten bent chain links, allowing the riders to complete their day of riding – description  of the technique is in this article.  I have lost count of the number of flat tires I have fixed – other people’s and my own. I have straightened bent derailer hangers, adjusted brakes…I could go on. The tool kit offers a great way to connect with people when used in the right context. 

Indeed, context matters. My assistance has usually been welcome, or politely declined – “all set” –, when the bicycle was disabled. Offering help to someone who is still able to ride is trickier, and I often avoid it. 

But this was my first interaction with a child whose bicycle put her in serious danger. It was a learning experience for me. I missed out on making it the best experience for the child, and learned how I might do better next time.

Beyond that, community events – bicycle rodeos and the like – offer an opportunity to address bicycle maintenance where more people are available to assist, and in a more impersonal context. So, do consider setting one up in your community. 

Eggs: Unscrambling the confusion

 By Nancy Clark

When it comes to eating eggs, nutrition advice has changed. In 1968, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommended Americans consume no more than three whole egg per week. The  belief was eating cholesterol-rich egg yolks would elevate cholesterol in the blood, which would increase one’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and having a heart attack or stroke. By 2015, that belief had changed. Today’s 2020-2025 US Dietary Guidelines no longer limit eggs.   (Nutrition is an evolving science. New research led to new understandings about eggs. Though confusing, the “system is working” when new knowledge leads to new recommendations about what’s best to eat to protect good health.)

  

     Studying the role of eggs in our diet has been done, in part, by surveying thousands of egg-eaters from a cross-section of the general population. This led to the conclusion that eating eggs can increase one’s risk for elevated blood cholesterol and heart disease. But that conclusion applied best to the average American (overfat, underfit) who ate fried eggs + bacon + buttery white toast, i.e., a lot of saturated fat. Today’s heart-healthy dietary guidelines focus on saturated fat as the culprit. Of the 5 grams of fat in an egg, only 1.5 g are saturated. (The recommended daily limit for saturated fat is about 15 grams per 2,000 calories.) Athletes who eat poached eggs + avocado + whole grain toast can more likely enjoy that breakfast worry-free.

     Overall, epidemiological evidence suggests enjoying 6 to 7 eggs/week does not increase heart disease risk. For most healthy athletes, cholesterol in eggs does not convert into artery-clogging cholesterol in the blood. That said, some people are hyper-responders to dietary cholesterol, meaning when they eat cholesterol-rich foods, their blood cholesterol level increases. If you have a family history of heart disease and/or diabetes, a worry-free choice is to enjoy more oatmeal breakfasts, made really yummy by stirring in a spoonful of peanut butter. (Both oatmeal and peanut butter are known to be heart-healthy choices.)

      Heart-health is enhanced by far more than eliminating eggs from your menu. Rather than targeting eggs as a contributor to heart disease, I suggest you take a good look at your overall lifestyle as well as dietary intake. As an athlete, you get regular exercise, but do you get enough sleep? Drink alcohol only in moderation, if at all? Eat an overall well-balanced diet? You might want to focus less on whether or not an omelet for breakfast will ruin your health (doubtful!) and instead make other long-term dietary enhancements. That is, could you add more spinach and arugula to your salads? Munch on more nuts instead of chips? Enjoy more salmon and fewer burgers?  There’s no question that whole grains, nuts, beans, fish, and colorful fruits and veggies promote heart-health.

 

Egg truths

• Eggs are nutrient dense. They contain all the nutrients needed to sustain life. The 150 calories in two eggs offers far more vitamins, minerals, protein, and other nutrients than you’d get from 150 calories of other breakfast foods (i.e., English muffin, energy bar, banana).

• Brown eggs are nutritionally similar to white eggs. The breed of hen determines the color of the eggs.  

• Yolks contain nutrients that athletes can easily miss out on, including vitamin D, riboflavin, folate, and for vegans, B-12.

• One large egg has about 6 to 7 grams of high-quality protein that contains all the essential amino acids (such as BCAAs) that are needed to build muscles. Half of an egg’s protein is in the yolk (along with most of the vitamins, minerals, fat, and flavor). The white is primarily protein and water.
• Egg yolks contain the (once feared) cholesterol. One egg yolk has about 185 to 200 milligrams of dietary cholesterol. That’s more than half of the 300-milligram limit previously recommended by the American Heart Association (and has been dropped).  

• Eggs are a rich in a well-absorbed source of lutein and zeaxanthin, two types of antioxidants that reduce risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.

• For dieters, eggs are pre-portioned, which can be helpful. Eggs are also satiating. Research suggests people who eat eggs for breakfast tend to eat fewer calories later in the day.

• What about  omega-3 eggs? Are they all they are cracked up to be? Yes and no. Omega-3 fats are thought to be protective against heart disease. Egg yolks from hens fed flaxseed, algae, and fish oils have a higher omega-3 fat content, increasing it from about 50 mg omega-3s in an ordinary egg to 125 mg in an Eggland’s Best egg. This small amount is tiny compared to the 3,000 mg. omega-3s in a standard portion of Atlantic salmon ( 4-5-oz.).

     Omega-3 eggs are more expensive than standard eggs: $6 vs $4/dozen.  You’ll get a lot more omega-3s by consuming  more salmon. That said, for non-fish eaters, any omega-3 fats are better than no omega-3s.

 

Stay tuned

     Someday, we will have a 100%-clear answer to which foods contribute to high levels of blood cholesterol and if that even impacts heart disease risk. That will put an end to the egg-cholesterol-heart health confusion. In addition, we’ll likely be able to benefit from genetic testing that offers personalized nutrition advice. Targeted research that looks at the genes of specific populations, will enable us to know, for example, which athletes can routinely enjoy three-egg omelets (with or without buttered toast) day after day without any fear of impairing their heart-health.

     Until then, if your family is predisposed to heart disease, you certainly want to talk with your doctor and ask about not just eggs but also the possibility of getting tested for biomarkers for heart disease, such as Coronary Artery Calcium score, C-Reactive Protein, and a type of blood lipid called Lp(a). You could also get personalized guidance about a heart-healthy diet from a registered dietitian who specializes in cardiovascular disease. The referral list at eatright.org can help you find that expert!

 

Nancy Clark MS RD CSSD  counsels both fitness exercisers and competitive athletes in the Boston-area (Newton; 617-795-1875). Her best-selling Sports Nutrition Guidebook is a popular resource, as is her online workshop. Visit NancyClarkRD.com for info.

 

By Edward Cheng

Salutations, fellow CRW Members.  The good weather is here and CRW kicked off the 2023 riding season with a spectacular North to New Hampshire Century on May 13, 2023.  The weather was perfect and we had over 300 registrants ride the fully supported century -- the first N2NH fully supported century since pre-COVID.  Thanks to the century committee and the volunteers who ran the rest stops, without whom the event could not have happened.  I have to admit when I first heard from the century committee that they wanted to run three centuries this year just like pre-COVID times, I was a little skeptical, but so far so good!

Help keep the momentum going by signing up and riding our weekend rides, followed by the challenging Climb to the Clouds Century on June 10.  John O'Dowd, our VP of Rides is working hard to cajole our Ride Leaders to post rides, so let's make it worth their while by making our weekend rides a success.

Last, if you don't see me on the roads until September, the reason is that I ruptured my left Achilles tendon the day after the N2NH.  So while I can cheer you on from the sidelines, I won't be joining you on the roads for a few months.

Let's make this first COVID free season a great one for the ages.

By Coach John Hughes

RBR Reader Rob T. asks, “I was recently knocked off my bike by a driver going 55mph on a county road in Illinois that had no shoulder. Fortunately, no major damage to me or my bike or my two artificial hips, but I did fracture my greater trochanter bone in my left hip. I’ll be on crutches for the next two months and am allowed to put only 20-30 pounds of pressure on my left leg. I am concerned that I am going to lose all the conditioning I built up over the winter and early spring. I am wondering if you have any suggestions, or do I just suck it up and start at square one come mid-June? FWIW, I am 68 years old.”

Coach Hughes: Rob, I’m very sorry to hear about your accident — I’m glad you’re mostly okay!  You have two artificial hips. Each you got one time you were less active than usual … and you came back. 

I had hammer toe surgery in 2021, which consisted of straightening three toes and putting in pins to strengthen them. The surgeon insisted I mostly stay in bed for six weeks.  She was concerned that any sort of activity might cause the pins to migrate out.  I wrote this column about my experience:

Anti-Aging: Regaining Fitness at Age 71 - Road Bike Rider Cycling Site

Residual fitness Your riding history is the biggest factor in how slowly you lose fitness and how rapidly you can recover the lost fitness. Specifically:

1. Number of years you’ve been riding and engaging in other aerobic activities.
2. How many miles you’ve been riding the past several years.
3. Your typical long rides the past several years.

These relates to my concept of athletic maturity. This column explains how you can assess your athletic maturity and the following column explains how to improve your athletic maturity.

Six Success Factors

Success in athletics involves six factors, not just training. As we age we get a little slower. We can still ride very well – sometimes better than younger cyclists – if we pay attention to all six of the success factors. While you’re riding less use the opportunity to take a holistic look at how the success factors apply to your cycling.

1. Planning—self-assessment, goal setting and planning the season.

In The Cyclist’s Training Bible, Joe Friel wrote, “An athlete should do the least amount of properly timed, specific training that brings continual improvement.” In other words, just riding more miles doesn’t make you a better cyclist. Riding the right kinds of miles at the right times of the year is what counts. Use this time when you’re exercising less to think about your goals and priorities and then develop a plan to reach them. Create your plan so it starts today and addresses the all of the following success factors. The plan doesn’t have to be detailed – a very general plan is sufficient.

I wrote several columns about how to plan:

• Part 1: Why you need a cycling training plan
• Part 2: Planning for your best season ever

To aid your planning I suggest you get my 106-page eBook Anti-Aging: 12 Ways You Can Slow the Aging Process. It has chapter a moderate exercise to increase your aerobic and cardiovascular fitness and a chapter on high intensity exercise to achieve the same benefits. It has illustrated chapters on each of the other types of fitness recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine: strength, flexibility, balance and weight-bearing workouts.

2. Training—aerobic, strength and flexibility conditioning.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is lost a little more slowly than power and speed. Within about four to eight weeks of no training your body’s capacity to move blood to your muscles decreases. This happens in part because your blood volume decreases. The size of your heart muscle decreases and because it isn’t as strong it can’t pump as much blood per stroke. Because your heart can’t pump as much blood at submaximal intensities your heart rate is higher for a given workload.  Here are some ways you can get cardio:

• Walking on crutches: After my hammer toe surgery I did laps on crutches up and down the hall of our condo complex. Why not outside? In the hallway I was never more than five minutes from the condo! Instead of doing one long walk, for example 30 minutes, you’ll get fitter if you do several shorter walks spaced throughout the day, for example three 15-minute walks.
  
• Running in the water: If you have access to a pool and the doctor says it’s okay you can walk or run in the water in the deep end, which uses your leg muscles a little more like riding.
  
• Swimming: Although it’s not similar to riding, swimming is also great cardio. Check with the doctor about whether kicking is okay. If kicking isn’t okay then start with a pull buoy and paddles so you’re just using your upper body.

When you can start riding I suggest you also swim because it’s more cardio without stressing your legs, especially your hip.

You can also work on three other important aspects of fitness:

• Upper body: Anti-Aging: 4 Essential Year-Round Home Resistance Exercises Scroll down past the leg exercises to the upper body exercises.
  
• Core: Anti-Aging: Core Strength in 1 Hour a Week
  
• Flexibility: Anti-Aging: Flexibility in 30 Minutes a Week

3. Nutrition—nourishment daily nutrition and fuel during the ride and for recovery.

The quality of your nutrition has a great effect on your daily life and your longevity as well as on your riding. This is an opportunity to review your nutrition and make appropriate changes. I’ve written two related columns:

• Anti-Aging: Nutrition, part 1: Daily Food and Drink
• Anti-Aging: Nutrition, part 2: Supplements: Vitamins, Minerals and Antioxidants

This 31-page eBook applies to every roadie from age 50 to 70 and beyond:

• Healthy Nutrition Past 50.

While you’re not riding it’s easy to put on some pounds.  Although written about the holidays, this column applies to you:

• Avoiding Weight Gain During the Holidays

4. Equipment—bike selection and fit, clothing, accessories and bike maintenance.

While you’re off the bike review all your equipment. Get your bike tuned up. Bike fit is dynamic. As you change your goals, or get a different bike, or get fitter, or lose flexibility, your correct bike fit changes. If you haven’t had a bike fit recently now’s the time to get one. You can get a bike fit sitting on your bike and gently spinning — check with your doctor it’s okay. Here’s my column on:

• Bike fit tips for older riders

5. Mental skills—focusing and relaxation techniques and dealing with potential hard times during a ride.

Here’s where you and other older riders can develop a significant advantage over younger physiologically stronger riders! I wrote these columns:

• Ten tips to improve your mental toughness
• The mental side of cycling

Here’s a specific example of how my friend Eli used mental skills:

• Anti-Aging: How Can an 83-Year-Old Climb Long Hills?

You learn mental skills just like you learn riding, through repeated practice of skills.  I wrote this eBook as a guide to learning mental skills. The 17-page eBook has six progressive chapters, each with a specific skill to learn.

• Gaining a Mental Edge: Using Sports Psychology to Improve Your Cycling

6. Technique – safety, riding efficiently, group riding and pacing during events.

There’s good news here. Once a skill is learned, it is never forgotten, especially if it is well learned. Even though it was the driver’s fault you were hit, review what happened and what you might have done differently. Here are two column including many contributions from RBR readers:

• 23 tips for safer cycling in traffic
• More tips on cycling safety

Anti-Aging: Riding Smarter as You Age part 2 - Road Bike Rider Cycling Site

Related columns:

• Anti-Aging: Riding Smarter As You Age Part 1
• Anti-Aging: Riding Smarter as You Age part 2
• How to Come Back After a Long Time Off the Bike
• Anti-Aging: How To Slow The Loss Of Fitness & Regain It During Recovery, Part 2

My eBook Anti-Aging: 12 Ways You Can Slow the Aging Process has illustrated chapters on each of the types of fitness recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine: aerobic, high intensity, strength, flexibility, balance and weight-bearing workouts. Anti-Aging   incorporates the latest research and most of it is new material not published in my previous eArticles on cycling past 50, 60 and beyond. It’s your comprehensive guide to continuing to ride well into your 80s and even your 90s.

The 106-page Anti-Aging: 12 Ways You Can Slow the Aging Process is $14.99.

There's nothing better than getting out for a ride, but on a rest day a video can almost take us there. Enjoy our monthly virtual film fest. Click Title to watch video.

Hiawatha Trail

An interesting rail trail along the northern Idaho and Montana border, the 15 mile scenic Hiawatha trail has a number of high trestle bridges and a long tunnel. 3 mins.

Incredible Bike Tricks

German artistic cyclist Viola enjoys the scenic Austrian countryside while showcasing impressive skills. 

3 mins

Alex Post is a CRW member who lives in Virginia, but regularly visits MA to bike with his dad. He has also led rides for CRW.

By Eli Post

Mark Nardone and Erik Dentremont contributed to this article.

CRW’s 2023 North to New Hampshire Century may be in the history books, but it lives on as a memorable day for those who rode in the event. This was the Club’s first fully supported Spring Century since COVID and was heralded by one of the best weather days we could have hoped for in a New England May!

The routes on North to New Hampshire are a long-time CRW favorite for a century event. They begin at the Wakefield High School heading north to NH and back, and winding though some of NH's more scenic roads. And it’s relatively flat so ideal for an early spring century when many riders are just returning to the road. Each ride provided refreshing drinks at rest stops along the route, with food and refreshments at the finish. CRW riders enjoyed a post ride party hosted by Hearth Pizzeria with many options for all dietary needs.

The route has earned loyal fans over the years that enjoy the lovely stretches of country roads on the North Shore and in southern New Hampshire. Here are some of the comments:

“Rode the CRW spring (half) century ride with buddies Ed Edward Cheng, Doug Douglas Bajgot, Eric Wilkins, and a few new friends. Here we are at the half way point rest stop. Great half century today! Thanks for joining us, Ed!” John O’Dowd

“Thanks to the organizers, volunteers and ride leaders.  It was a lot of fun!” Ed Chang

Rode with the 15mph group. The group pulled me along the whole way! First event ride of the season! Marianne Eybye

Felt great!! Aside from my lower back tightening up I feel like I should have done the metric. Hermin Miranda

CRW - N to NH, It was Felix's first big ride, and he did great! Vern Spinner

As always, the success of the event was due to our wonderful, dedicated volunteers. Time and time again, our volunteers selflessly donate their passion for cycling by supporting our membership, and making the event possible. The only ones who are fully aware how much effort it takes to run a century are the ones who actually put it together. And it’s a catch 22, the smoother it goes, the less people realize how difficult it is. So we have no other recourse but to congratulate ourselves for a job well done.

The Stats:

262 riders set off to complete the 50, 63, and 100 mile routes. 

There were 4 unable to complete due to mechanical issues. 

Multiple led groups rolled out between 7 and 9am. 

Last rider completed her 100 miles just after 4pm. 

The riders appreciated the 25 mile rest stop and dug in to the many refreshments available. There was special interest in smothering a bagel with peanut butter, jam and/or Nutella. All left over food was donated to the Red Cross and other charitable organizations in our area.

This year we did something a little different to make the Century rides more memorable. We created a 3 medal series to go with each event, by themselves the medals are great, together they connect to something special. Collect all three and proudly display your achievement for the 2023 Century Series.

Did you miss the event? You can still register for a virtual option and complete the course or a similar distance within the month to earn your medal.

The riders found innovative ways to wear/display their awards.

The Spring Century has about 4,100 feet of climb, making it a relatively easy ride. If you need more of a challenge try the Climb to the Clouds century in July 2023.

As we said, the volunteers made this event possible, and we thank them all.

Volunteers		May 13th
ROLES	Pick up Supplies	Name
Coordinators	Event Day CONTACT	Mark Nardone
	coordinator	Erik Dentremont
	Ride Leader	John O'dowd
	prez	Ed Cheng
Porta Johns		The Shed Portable Santitation
SudBury distribution Saturday	Friday	Joel Bauman
62 Goodman's Hill Road Sudbury MA 01776		Erik Dentremont
10 AM - 4PM	Rest Stop Org	Nina Siegel
Sudbury returns Monday 10 - 2		Joel Bauman
Check-In / Registration Wakefield Tech HS		Mel Prenovitz
60 Farm Street Wakefield MA		Francie Sparks
7AM- 9:30AM		Stanley Kay
		Richard Vignoni
Mechanical Support
Wakefield HS	Trek Cambridge	Robbe Smith | Store Manager
Wakefield HS	Velo Bikes	Gunther
Food & Supplies	Costco	Harriet Fell
Fruit		John Allen
Bagels		Barry Nelson
		Linda Nelson
Rest Stops
Shanahan Park
423 Main Street Groveland MA		Eil Post
8AM-Noon	Pick up	Harriet Fell
		Lynne O'Riorden
		Ken Weber
	Pick up	Bill Aldrich
American Legion Park
20 Pentucket Ave Georgetown MA	Pick up	Marie Keutmann
9:30 AM - 2PM	Pick up	Penny Leslie
		Keeley Gammon
	Pick up person	Tim Wilson
		Rosalie Blum
		Kate Strauchan
		Jim Evans
Sawyer Park Kennsington NH	Pick up	Barbara Jacobs
24 Trundlebed Lane	Pick up	Ted Nyder
9:30 AM - 2PM	Pick up person	Nina Siegel
	Pick up	Maureen Feibiger
After rider party	Pizza	Harriet Fell
11:30 - 5:30	Pizza	Jack Donahue
	Pizza	Ken Weber
	Awards	Mark Nardone
	Pizza	Megan Scully
Monday Clean up	Clean Up and Return	Erik D'Entremont
Hearth Pizzeria - Delivery	200 Pizzas, 20 Salads	Ivan Pucelio
Ride Leaders	100	Martin Hayes
	100	jennifer Allen
	100	Lindy King
	100	Megan Scully
		Mike Barry
	50	Clyde Kessel
	50	John Odowd
	62	Larry K
	62	Karen Hamel
Sag Wagon		Mark Nardone
		James White
Sweeps		Susan Grieb
		Jack Donahue
Registration Lists		Erik D'Entremont
car signs	Parking	Lisa Najavitis

By Dr. Gabe Mirkin

Just about everyone with an unobstructed nose will breathe through their nose when at rest or during casual activities, but most people will breathe through their mouth during exercise. The more intensely you exercise, the more likely that you will have to breathe through your mouth because you may not be able to get enough air through your nose to feel comfortable (Respiration Physiology, 1983;53(1):129–133).

Possible Advantages of Breathing Through Your Nose
Why would you even consider trying to control whether you breathe through your mouth or your nose? Compared to mouth breathing, nasal breathing:
• helps to filter out pollutants
• helps to filter germs
• adds moisture to the air you breathe
• heats the air you breathe
• may reduce asthma attacks in people who suffer from exercise-induced asthma.

Nasal Breathing Takes Practice
You can breathe far more air into your lungs through your mouth than you can breathe through your nose. You can exercise intensely when you breathe just through your nose, but you will need to practice (PNAS, May 19, 2015;112(20):6425-6430).
• How intensely you can exercise depends on how fast oxygen can pass from red blood cells into muscle cells.
• The cells lining your nose and sinuses release large amounts of a gas called nitric oxide while the cells lining your mouth and throat do not (Nat Med, 1995;1:370–373).
• Breathing through your nose releases far larger amounts of nitric oxide, which specifically widens the very small blood vessels next to muscles to bring the red blood cells closer to muscle cells, to increase markedly the rate that oxygen passes from red blood cells to muscle cells.

One study showed that with training, you can get enough air while breathing through your nose to exercise at up to 85 percent of your maximum capacity (Int J of Kinesiology and Sports Sci, Apr 30, 2018;6(2):22). Ten recreational runners practiced nasal breathing during exercise for six months and when they breathed through their noses while exercising at up to 85 percent of their maximal capacity, they had the same:
• time to exhaustion,
• maximal capacity to take in and use oxygen (VO2max), and
• peak lactate levels. (Lactate levels increase when you don’t get enough oxygen).
Nasal breathing brought in the same maximal amount of oxygen as mouth breathing, but nasal breathing markedly reduced:
• respiratory rate (breaths per minute), and
• ratio of oxygen intake to carbon dioxide output.

Nasal Breathing May Help with Exercise-Induced Asthma
People who have exercise-induced asthma may benefit from nasal breathing when they exercise. Within minutes after starting to exercise, they often suffer wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, a tight chest, decreased endurance, or a sore throat. These symptoms are usually caused by breathing dry and cold air (Allergy, 2013;68:1343–1352). Practicing nasal breathing for several months can help to decrease asthma attacks (Clinical Allergy, 1981;11(5):433-9). However, nasal breathing has been shown to hinder performance of elite athletes who suffer from exercise-induced asthma (British J of Sprts Med, 2012;46:413-416).

My Recommendations
• Most people can learn to breathe comfortably through their noses during intense exercise if they want to (International J of Ex Sci, 2017;10(4):506-514), but nasal breathing is not recommended for competitive athletes since it is likely to reduce their maximum exercise intensity (Australian J of Sci and Med, 1995;(273):512-55).

• You don’t need to breathe through your nose when you exercise in very cold weather. Your nose warms the air much more than your mouth does, but exercise causes your body to produce such large amounts of heat that air taken through your mouth at 40 degrees below zero Fahrenheit during exercise will be warmed almost 100 degrees before it reaches your lungs. Breathing air that cold would burn your nose so much that you would quickly lose interest in exercising and seek shelter.

• Your nose clears pollutants far more efficiently than your mouth does, but people with healthy lungs can exercise safely using mouth-breathing on mildly polluted days. Your air tubes are lined with small hairs, called cilia, that sweep pollutants towards your mouth where you swallow them with your saliva and they pass from your body. However, breathing heavily polluted air when you exercise can damage your lungs, whether you use your mouth or your nose. Air quality experts tell us that if you can see ash or smell smoke, stay indoors with windows and doors closed.

• If you want to try nasal breathing, you may find that commercially-available nasal strips that fit over the bridge of your nose make it easier and more comfortable.

• The bottom line is that you can breathe through either your mouth or your nose during exercise. Do whatever feels most natural for you.

Dr. Gabe Mirkin on Health | Fitness and Nutrition. (drmirkin.com)

By John Allen

E-bikes appeal to middle-aged and elderly people including long-time CRW members like me, who don’t have quite the energy we had when younger. And other new e-bike riders have not had much experience with bicycling since childhood. Some elderly people may also have worsened balance, reaction time, eyesight and other issues.

Here are some specific issues for a new e-bike rider to consider. The CyclingSavvy Web Site has a series of articles addressing these issues in detail – but briefly stated:

• CRW welcomes e-bikes, except for throttle-controlled ones, but an e-bike poses special questions of safety and etiquette during a group ride. Riding off the front doesn’t play to your credit, nor does running out of battery power. You might be called upon to pace another rider. Should there be a special ride option for e-bike riders?
• The bicycle can just go faster, uphill - and downhill too, being heavier. Greater speed increases the potential for crashes, and their seriousness. Braking distance increases as the second power of speed – twice the speed, four times the distance. A particular problem is that a motorist may not recognize that a longer distance is needed to pass an e-bike uphill.
• Infrastructure designed for slow bicycling (or not even well for that) works poorly for people riding at 20 miles per hour or more. Yet people tend to think “it’s just a bicycle” and maintain the same poor riding habits. My hair stands on end as I watch YouTube videos of people riding e-bikes at speed in the door zone of parked cars, etc. On an e-bike, it is even more important to understand and apply best practices for riding on streets, and to avoid the temptation to make full use of the e-bike’s power on paths.

• The bicycle is heavier and less maneuverable. Much of the added weight is with the battery. This is less of a problem If the battery is low and in the middle of the bicycle (for example, on the down tube or inside it). A battery on the rear rack makes the bicycle top-heavy and tends to make the bike prone to shimmy if the frame is flexible. A heavy e-bike with a flexible frame and high handlebars, with an inexperienced small person at the controls, is a recipe for control problems.
• Maladroit application of power can result in a loss of control. A common problem is the “lurch” when power is applied before the rider is ready. This can result in a pedal’s striking the rider’s shin or the e-bike itself striking another bicyclist, pedestrian or vehicle.
• Control issues depend also on the rider’s situational awareness –more so at higher e-bike speeds, but also due to the more cumbersome handling at low speeds.
• An e-bike may have front or rear hub drive, or a mid motor (at the cranks). The mid motor applies power through the bicycle’s gearing – and so it is effective over a wider range of speeds than a hub motor. A front hub motor makes steering less nimble, and if it causes the wheel to skid, you can’t steer to balance. For this reason, it is a poor choice for riding under tricky conditions or on soft or slippery surfaces – mud, gravel, snow.
• Any e-bike will have several power level settings (for example “Off, Eco, Normal, Turbo“– or they may be maximum speed-under-power settings). It is best to use only as much power as needed, to get exercise, extend range on a battery charge, and avoid unexpected acceleration.
• An e-bike may have torque sensing: power assist is proportional to how hard you push on the pedals. Or an e-bike may have pedal rotation sensing, which applies full power whenever you are turning the pedals forward. Torque sensing feels just like normal pedaling, only you are stronger. You can turn the pedals without applying power when you shift gears, and modulate pedaling to prevent the rear wheel from spinning out on a slippery surface. With pedal rotation sensing, you don’t have that level of control, and if there is a mid motor, you must apply the brakes to actuate an interruptor and release tension on the chain when shifting down.
• Some e-bikes also have a throttle. By applying power even when you are not pedaling, it can lead to confusion and lurching when starting and stopping. With the throttle, you also lack the ability to modulate pedaling that you would have with torque sensing.

All in all, as I hope that these comments have made clear, different e-bikes have different control characteristics, and it is important to feel them out. A new e-bike rider needs to start out cautiously, get to know the bike before taking on greater challenges, and recognize that riding habits may need revision.

I thank Clinton Sandusky for assistance with this article.